Matrix Logics Dna

27Feb/11Off

Nanotechnology: a new technology changes our world

Most people first hear the Temine "Nanotechnology", believes the discourse of art as the "micro", the technology used in microelectronics and the company has changed dramatically in recent decades. The relationship is not entirely wrong, but is not correct.

Micro Technology is the technology that enable us to produce things in the micrometer scale. A micron is one millionth of a meter, or a better idea for a thousandth of a millimeter. We all know how much is a meter, roughly the distance between the nose and the tip of our fingers when we extend the arm over the side of the body. If we take one-thousandth of that length, we have a millimeter. A millimeter is very small, but can still be seen. Now imagine that we take a piece of the millimeter range, Dell Latitude E6400 battery based on our nose and stretch until the end of the finger in the arm that we found to achieve improved. We turn now to be divided into a thousand pieces. We have a thousandth of a thousandth of a meter, long known as micron. This is the standard by which he worked in the construction of devices such as memory, logic circuits and computers.

Logic and memory chips for sale in 1985 had structures with components of about one micron wide. Until 1995, when the appearance of the Pentium had reached sizes of about one third of a micron, 350 nm. Work is already in the structures of 100 nanometers, or one tenth of what is achieved in 1985.

A nanometer is a measure that, if we take a micron is one end are the tip lying at the fingertips of outstretched arms and cut into pieces. Is one thousandth of a millionth of a meter, or one billionth of a meter.

NM marks the boundary of the reduction we get when we talk about material objects. In a nanometer install four 57 atoms. So there are things in the universe are smaller than atoms, they are already things that can not be manipulated. In our daily life, the atoms are the smallest elements that we can use.

Now we think in terms of atoms, we take a look at an object produced by microtechnology. Although the structure is a millionth of a meter a wide range, is still very important. There are thousands of atoms on the surface of the object and billions inside. This is a piece of the macro world.Within this macro-targets the size of one micron is possible to make thousands of divisions for a greater level of detail. If we reach more details at the nanoscale, and working with precision at the atomic level, performance can be huge for our ability to control the behavior of this object.

The best example of this power is in every living thing. It requires an environment of water, the elixir of life, and this is often called "the wet side of nanotechnology." Life forms that we know are filled with water, cells, small pockets of life, which typically have sizes of several micrometers, as in the case of white blood cells in human blood.

Each of these "pockets" is full of thousands of small machines that move through the fluid world of the cell to appoint the life of the industry, enzymes, hormones, RNA and DNA, all you hear the new textbooks of medicine, biotechnology and genetic engineering. These machines are small molecules. Their size varies from a few tens of nanometers. Nanomachines! They contain thousands to tens of thousands of atoms.SONY VGP-BPS9 battery And each of these thousands of atoms has a specific position, set directly in a design so that everything nanomaquinaria to function properly.

Most impressive are the enzymes. Each is a complete chemical plant reduced to the nanoscale. These enzymes have evolved over billions of years to form a more perfect production of their chemicals to achieve. In most cases, the limits of perfection has been reached. They are the catalytic chemical reaction last and decisive that their work is important. These molecular nanomachines are those working life, not only for themselves, but in all plants, birds or entity that is towed or dragged across the surface of our planet.

Wet nanotechnology is incredibly powerful. In fact, the more one knows about it, the better we understand how much remains to be determined. Think of the beauty of a girl or a flower, or how amazing is that the human eye to see, or a brain can think. And then you think, this wet side of nanotechnology (which most people call biotechnology) to do everything .

But despite this incredible power, there are several things you can do and will never on the wet side. One of the most important is to conduct electricity like a wire as a connection on a computer or even a semiconductor. Never achieved, the reasons are many to describe here, with this biotechnology. In fact, most of the industrial revolution that drives modern society is a tribute of biotechnology, is the product of the development of steam engines, gasoline engines and all kinds of electrical appliances such as radios, televisions, telephones and all produced by computer technology on the other hand, the "dry" side, an area that seems to be the greatest development potential.

Imagine what our world could become if they could trust in the cells of the dry, water or living objects with the degree of perfection of routine life on the wet side atoms. Imagine the power that would be the dry side of nanotechnology. The list of things that could be achieved with something to do with  technology as the Christmas wish list of our civilization.

Here are some:

Write a nanomachine

In 1989, physicists at the IBM Almaden Research Center, located in San Jose, California, has surprised the scientific world by using a vibrating probe microscope to move a number of xenon atoms on a nickel surface, writing a microscopic version of the IBM logo. Although experience has shown that they could build things at the nanoscale, it was still an exotic and unique, requiring a microscope manufactured by the way, a special room resistant to vibration and ambient temperature around -270 degrees Celsius, only a few degrees above absolute zero.

But ten years later, the AFM has created, which is synonymous with the atomic force microscope. This tool changes the way scientists interact with matter on a small scale.

Inside the chamber of the AFM, in a way invisible to the normal eye, the ends of a very fine needle is inserted into a substrate of organic molecules, these needles, sharpened only a few atoms wide at the tip, write the words only ten nanometers in diameter. The process works on the basis of organic molecules, such as fountain pen ink that flows from the tip of the needle to the writing surface, made of gold. They even have the option of using different types of "inks" and change at a time. To get an idea of the magnitude of the resulting script, with the increase necessary to read these letters, a line written by a pen would be more than a mile wide.

To give a little show, which has never hurt the Yankees used an AFM equipped with a set of eight hands to write in less than 10 minutes to a full page of text that a famous physicist Richard Feynman developed in 1960 in an act impressive and accurate prediction about the possibilities of nanotechnology.

And all this at room temperature.

It was only a test. The system must not write, at least not in the traditional sense, we must speak. The lithography system can produce a quick fix for nanocomposites, microelectronics to the DNA chip (used in genetics) are faster and more dense. And "how to produce nano-structures on a large scale. Robots nano: It can build the first stage in the development of tools nanomachines will be copies of itself and the development of other manufacturers.

Nano-robots:

The nanobots have taken advantage of the FC and lasts through the articles proposed uses, imagine a few decades ago: the care of the body to repair the inside, and the rewiring of the brain tissue of control, the remote repair body (arteries, crystalline sound, cancers of internal organs) without surgery.

The technology is still far from production, but, as in artificial intelligence is a subject so complex and so difficult to make progress on several fronts. One area would be treated in the previous block, tools, and gave the impression of a more concrete proposals. But only with the body can not function, the controller is also required, and this is a very different world of nano-sensors, nano-sized arrays of giant molecules: Computers in nanotechnology. Years, the mechanical logic gates consist of a few atoms and it is likely that only the tools needed to create, are designed to appear. The picture is not so easy, but there are many laboratories working "intelligence" nanoscale. And there is some announcements.

Memory:

In a laboratory of IBM in Zurich, one of which, the invention of the AFM instrument in 1986 to work on the miniaturization of data storage nanoscale. The storage system is based on a series of AFM in August 1024 in a square matrix can write bits of information on no more than 50 nanometers in diameter at base. The same game can read the information and write well.

The ability to save data at this scale is good news for the market also greatly increase the amount of information that can be stored in a particular area. The registration system most commonly based magnetic memory, can store about two gigabits per square inch, physicists believe that the physical limit of the capacity of the system, not yet been reached, about 12 gigabits per square inch. The dot-matrix system is described as "Centipede" (Myriapoda, for a thousand meters), more than 35 gigabits per square inch (up to 80 Gigabit, when a single needle) and can be manufactured at the speed of magnetic current to do. Equipped with storage units with giant tables with millions of needles in the memory can be made on the order of terabytes, something like 40 times, which is now commercially available.

The miniaturization of nanoscale points for the inclusion of powerful computers to watches and cell phones that have something now do not: a hard disk. It is assumed that the technology of "Centipede" hard drive offers a capacity of around gigabytes of one square centimeter. One of the most important things is that this technology nanodrive AFM require much less energy to operate than magnetic technology, an extremely critical factor in portable products.

Space exploration: self-replicating probes:

Although the achievements in the field of car are minimal, some laboratories have shown, for example, that covers the surface of a base plate (gold is used today) with a sticky layer of organic matter is reached on the terms appropriate, thousands of these plates have been fitted to form three-dimensional structures. It seems chaotic and anarchic, by definition, however, at Harvard University have created a relatively functional electronic circuit using a similar technique.

At the University of Texas at Austin, a scientist has sought millions of proteins that are capable of recognizing and binding to different types of inorganic materials. He has already founded a company that seeks to create Semzyme a "library" of building blocks mediated by the protein.

At the University of California, Yale University, Los Angeles, at Rice University and Hewlett-Packard is advanced in the development of molecular self-built computers.

On the Web can find a project of NASA probes based on the reproductive systems of himself. A  plan that was launched more than twenty years to do, instead of sending all necessary material for the exploration of the Earth, which means many tons fixed in space, extend robots capable of building other equipment raw materials extracted from the landing site. NASA does not believe that everything in nanotechnology, but scientists believe that this area is the only technology capable of overcoming the problems of the project, especially to find, recognize and extract the materials needed for construction. This is a subject so interesting that he left his Compaq Presario CQ60 battery development of a database Techno come.

To achieve this in the pharmaceutical industry, with the help of nanotechnology makes every moment in our body and the millions of living beings in the world, but in a controlled laboratory atom by atom construction of complex molecules risks that make big in life functions (such as insulin, for example). Achieving this goal would be a great step forward for medicine, processes necessary for the drug would that make up today's sophisticated drugs and get to reach a large number of scientific projects to simplify impossible today.

Optimization of solar energy:

In the state of Texas, where it is the problem that consume large amounts of energy, nanotechnology proposes the construction of certain devices (not pictured) is able to capture all the photons that strike and achieve better use of solar energy. These sensors are capable of photons in nanostructures on a scale smaller than the wavelength of sunlight, the trap 400-1000 nm. The storage system is a capacitor (which stores electrons) function, but remained inside the photon .

Conclusions:

Nanotechnology is, of course, it can display, an area that is still in its infancy. But we read familiar materials technology generally much longer in the shadows is not known for security reasons, if you are on the level of awareness projects, is that the information in this article, start there The protection of ideas and strategic reasons of state. Nanoscale science fiction has taught us in the last two decades, although some pioneers in that modern magic of the future, but the magic is that in most cases, the ideas of authors, the analysis and design have been held with the full rationality. And are possible. That is the magic of fantasy books, because the mechanisms can imagine that we will be able to achieve these things, even if the technology is not yet able to produce them. An attitude typical of the older CF ... Although the results of these speculations, sometimes worthy of a Merlin or Gandalf, or culture and the old, popular Mandrake,  are trapped in their best moments.